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APPLICATION NOTE AVAILABLE
AN20 * AN42-53 * AN71 * AN73 * AN88 * AN91-92 * AN99 * AN115 * AN120 * AN124 * AN133 * AN134 * AN135
XICOR CONFIDENTIAL
Digitally Controlled Potentiometer (XDCPTM)
FEATURES * Solid-state potentiometer * Up/Down interface * 32 wiper tap points --Wiper position stored in nonvolatile memory and recalled on power-up * 31 resistive elements --Temperature compensated --Maximum resistance tolerance of 25% --Terminal voltage, 0 to VCC * Low power CMOS --VCC = 2.7 V - 5.5 V --Active current, 200A typ. --Standby current, 2A max. * High reliability --Endurance 200,000 data changes per bit --Register data retention, 100 years * RTOTAL value = 12.5k, 50k * Packages --8-lead MSOP, FCP, TDFN DESCRIPTION
X93156
The Xicor X93156 is a three-terminal digitally controlled potentiometer (XDCP). The device consists of a resistor array, wiper switches, a control section, and nonvolatile memory. The wiper position is controlled by an Up/Down interface. The potentiometer is implemented by a resistor array composed of 31 resistive elements and a wiper switching network. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation. The device can be used as a three-terminal potentiometer or as a two terminal variable resistor in a wide variety of applications including the programming of bias voltages, LCD brightness and contrast control as well as the implemetnation of ladder networks.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC (Supply Voltage) U/D INC CS RH Control and Memory RW 5-Bit Nonvolatile Memory Store and Control Recall Circuitry VCC VSS (Ground) VSS General Detailed RL 5-Bit Up/Down Counter 31 30 29 28 One of Thirty Two Decoder 2 1 0 RH
30K
Up/Down (U/D) Increment (INC) Device Select (CS)
Transfer Gates
Resistor Array
RW
RL
XDCPTM is a trademark of Xicor, Inc. REV 1.6 6/8/04
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X93156
PIN CONFIGURATION
MSOP INC U/D RH VSS 1 2 3 4 X93156 8 7 6 5 VCC CS RL Rw *Contact factory for FCP FCP* INC U/D RH VSS
1 2 3 4
TDFN**
8 7
VCC CS RL Rw
X93156
6 5
**Contact factory for TDFN ordering info.
X93156 ORDERING CODES Ordering Number
X93156WM8I-3 X93156UM8I-3
RTOTAL
12.5k 50k
Package
8-lead MSOP package 8-lead MSOP package
Temperature Range
-40C to +85C -40C to +85C
PIN DESCRIPTIONS MSOP TDFN
1
Symbol
INC
Brief Description
Increment (INC). The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Up/Down (U/D). The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented. RH. The RH and RL pins of the X93156 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is VSS and the maximum is VCC. The terminology of RH and RL references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input. Ground. RW. The Rw pin of the X93156 is the wiper terminal of the potentiometer which is equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. RL. The RH and RL pins of the X93156 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is VSS and the maximum is VCC. The terminology of RH and RL references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input. Chip Select (CS). The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete, the X93156 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. Supply Voltage.
2 3
U/D RH
4 5 6
VSS Rw RL
7
CS
8
VCC
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X93156
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Temperature under bias ....................-65C to +135C Storage temperature ........................ -65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D, RH, RL and VCC with respect to VSS ..............................-1V to +6.5V Lead temperature (soldering 10 seconds)......... 300C Maximum reflow temperature (40 seconds) ...... 240C Maximum resistor current..................................... 2mA COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; the functional operation of the device (at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification) is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature
Industrial
Min.
-40C
Max.
+85C
Supply Voltage (VCC)
X93156
Limits
2.7 V to 5.5 V (7)
POTENTIOMETER CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.) Limits Symbol
RTOT VR
Parameter
End to end resistance RH, RL terminal voltages Power rating Noise
Min.
9.375 37.5 0
Typ.
12.5 50
Max.
15.625 62.5 VCC 1
Unit
k k V mW(6) dBV(6)
Test Conditions/Notes
-120 1100 0.6 3
(1)
Ref: 1kHz
(4) (4) (5)
RW IW
Wiper Resistance Wiper Current Resolution Absolute linearity Relative linearity
(2)
mA % MI(3) MI
(3)
1 0.5 35 10/10/25
VH(n)(actual)-VH(n)(expected) VH(n+1)-[VH(n)+MI]
(6)
RTOTAL temperature coefficient CH/CL/CW Potentiometer capacitances
ppm/C pF(6)
See circuit #2
Notes: (1) Absolute linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (V H(n)(actual)-VH(n)(expected)) = 1 Ml Maximum. n = 1 .. 29 only (2) Relative linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V H(n+1)--[VH(n) + Ml] = 0.5 Ml, n = 1 .. 29 only. (3) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/31. (4) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested (6) This parameter is not 100% tested. (7) When performing multiple write operations, V CC must not decrease by more than 150mV from it's initial value.
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D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol
ICC1
Parameter
VCC active current (Increment)
Min.
Typ.(4)
50 200
Max.
250 300 600 1400
Unit
A
Test Conditions
CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V @ max. tCYC VCC=3V CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V @ max. tCYC VCC=5V
ICC2
VCC active current (Store) (EEPROM Store)
A A A A A A A A V V pF
CS = VIH, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = VIH @ max. tWR VCC=3V CS = VIH, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = VIH @ max. tWR VCC=5V CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VCC=3V CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VCC=5V
ISB
Standby supply current
1 2
ILI ILI ILI ILI VIH VIL CIN(5)(7)
CS input leakage current CS input leakage current CS input leakage current INC, U/D input leakage current CS, INC, U/D input HIGH voltage CS, INC, U/D input LOW voltage CS, INC, U/D input capacitance VCC x 0.7 -0.5 60 120 100 200
1 150 250 1 VCC + 0.5 VCC x 0.1 10
VIN = VCC VCC = 3V, CS = 0 VCC = 5V, CS = 0 VIN = VSS to VCC
VCC = 3V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C, f = 1MHz
ENDURANCE AND DATA RETENTION Parameter
Minimum endurance Data retention
Min.
200,000 100
Unit
Data changes per bit Years
Test Circuit #1
Test Point VH/RH
Circuit #2 SPICE Macro Model
RTOTAL RH CH 10pF CW 25pF CL 10pF RL
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input pulse levels Input rise and fall times Input reference levels
REV 1.6 6/8/04
0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
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X93156
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol
tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH tCPH tCYC tR, tF
(6) (6)
Parameter
CS to INC setup INC HIGH to U/D change U/D to INC setup INC LOW period INC HIGH period INC Inactive to CS inactive CS Deselect time (NO STORE) CS Deselect time (STORE) INC cycle time INC input rise and fall time VCC power-up rate Store cycle
Min.
100 100 100 1 1 1 250 10 2
Typ.
Max.
Unit
ns ns ns s s s ns ms s
500 0.2 5 10,000 10
s V/ms ms
tR VCC tWR
POWER UP AND DOWN REQUIREMENTS There are no restrictions on the power-up or power-down conditions of VCC and the voltages applied to the potentiometer pins provided that VCC is always more positive than or equal to VH and VL, i.e., VCC VH,VL. The VCC ramp rate spec is always in effect. A.C. Timing
CS tCYC tCI INC tID tDI tF tIL tIH tIC (Store) tCPH 90% 90% 10% tR
U/D
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X93156
PIN DESCRIPTIONS RH and RL The RH and RL pins of the X93156 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is VSS and the maximum is VCC. The terminology of RH and RL references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input. Rw
The Rw pin of the X93156 is the wiper terminal of the potentiometer which is equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION There are three sections of the X93156: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 31 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the connection at that point to the wiper. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. If the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to VW change). The 2terminal resistance value for the device can temporarily change by a significant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. When the device is powered-down, the last wiper position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the wiper is set to the value last stored.
Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X93156 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again.
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X93156
INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMMING The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the device is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/ D input) a five bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of thirty two wiper positions along the resistive array. The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transitions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. In order to avoid an accidental store during powerup, CS must go HIGH with VCC during initial power-up. When left open, the CS pin is internally pulled up to VCC by an internal 30k resistor. The system may select the X93156, move the wiper and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper position in nonvolatile memory. After the wiper movement is performed as described above and once the new position is reached, the system must keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position will be maintained until changed by the system or until a power-up/down cycle recalled the previously stored data. In order to recall the stored position of the wiper on power-up, the CS pin must be held HIGH. This procedure allows the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference, system parameter changes due to temperature drift, or other system trim requirements. The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the device and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. MODE SELECTION CS
L L H H X L L L
INC
U/D
H L X X X H L Wiper Up Wiper Down
Mode
Store Wiper Position Standby Current No Store, Return to Standby Wiper Up (not recommended) Wiper Down (not recommended)
SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM
INPUTS Must be steady May change from Low to High May change from High to Low Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A
OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from Low to High Will change from High to Low Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
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X93156
MSOP PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-Lead Miniature Small Outline Gull Wing Package Type M
0.118 0.002 (3.00 0.05) 0.012 + 0.006 / -0.002 (0.30 + 0.15 / -0.05) 0.0256 (0.65) Typ.
R 0.014 (0.36) 0.118 0.002 (3.00 0.05)
0.030 (0.76) 0.0216 (0.55)
0.036 (0.91) 0.032 (0.81)
7 Typ.
0.040 0.002 (1.02 0.05)
0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10)
0.0256" Typical
0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13)
0.150 (3.81) Ref. 0.193 (4.90) Ref.
0.025" Typical 0.220"
FOOTPRINT
0.020" Typical 8 Places
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES AND (MILLIMETERS)
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X93156
TDFN PACKAGING INFORMATION
0.750.05 1.300.10
DAP Size 1.6 x 1.3 2.500.10 (S)
0.400.10
2.000.10 (S) Pin 1 Index Area
0.0-0.05
0.250.05 (8X) 1.50 Ref. (2X)
0.50 Typ. (6X)
0.20 Ref.
LIMITED WARRANTY
(c)Xicor, Inc. 2004 Patents Pending
Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, or licenses are implied. TRADEMARK DISCLAIMER: Xicor and the Xicor logo are registered trademarks of Xicor, Inc. AutoStore, Direct Write, Block Lock, SerialFlash, MPS, BiasLock and XDCP are also trademarks of Xicor, Inc. All others belong to their respective owners. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829,482; 4,874,967; 4,883,976; 4,980,859; 5,012,132; 5,003,197; 5,023,694; 5,084,667; 5,153,880; 5,153,691; 5,161,137; 5,219,774; 5,270,927; 5,324,676; 5,434,396; 5,544,103; 5,587,573; 5,835,409; 5,977,585. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurrence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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